Introduction:
Evidence is anything which can be used to determine whether a crime has been committed or not. Medical jurisprudence has provided different kinds of evidence to determine who is actual guilty of crime. It helps to prosecute the guilty and protects the innocent.
Kinds of Evidence:
1. Biological Evidence:
Biological evidence refers to the samples of biological material such as hair, tissues, blood, teeth or any other fluids. In examining biological evidence, forensic scientists use tools both at the scene, and in the lab. The data can help an investigator to determine what type of weapon was used, or where the offender and victim were standing during the attack.
2. DNA Evidence:
The DNA is used to create a profile of a person. It helps to determine whether a person was at a scene or not.
3. Reconstructive Evidence:
Any evidence that helps the law enforcement officers to better understand what happened at the crime scene is considered reconstructive evidence.
4. Trace Evidence:
Trace evidence is found where two objects have made contact with each other. When a person or an object touches another object, some 'trace' of the two will be exchanged. This is the theory which is used by the investigators for the analysis of fingerprints, tires or foot prints.
5. Ballistics:
Ballistics is used to determine the flight path of a bullet. Trained ballistics specialists can provide information about the type of weapon that was used and the path of the bullet. By examining the bullets and test-firing weapons, an investigator can either identify the type of firearm that was used, where it was fired from, or even match the bullet with a specific weapon.
6. Glass:
Glass particles can be found at various crime scenes such as breaking and entering, hit and run, murder etc. Such particles provide clues about the crime and help the investigators to get the suspect.
7. Fingerprints:
There are three types of fingerprints patterns, arches, loops and whorls. Investigator shall identify the characteristics in a fingerprint that can be used to identify a suspect or victim.
8. Hairst
Hairs may be transferred from the suspect to the victim and vice versa. Hairs can be examined to identify the origin of a person. Hairs with roots can be tested for DNA.
9. Wounds:
Wounds can often match to a weapon or tool marks. Investigators may also determine the weapon's size, shape and length.
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